| Ovarian Cancer Statistics
Ovarian cancer affects one in every 57 American women, according to the national cancer institute. Most cases occur in women older than 50, although younger women can also be affected. Because ovarian cancer rarely produces noticeable symptoms in its early stages, the disease often isn't found until it is advanced and more difficult to treat successfully.
. - The American Cancer Society has more — information on the different types of treatment available for ovarian cancer at www. cancer.org. |
| New Breast Cancer Drug Safer than Tamoxifen
Leslie Ford, MD, associate director for clinical research, Division of Cancer Prevention, national cancer institute.
B.Jay Brooks, Jr., MD, chairman, hematology/oncology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, Baton Rouge, LA.
Lawrence Wickerham, MD, associate chairman, National Surgical and Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project and protocol officer, Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR).
Len Lichtenfeld, MD, deputy chief medical officer, American Cancer Society.
Victor Vogel, MD, MHS, FACP, protocol chairman, Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR). |
| Leslie Ford, associate director for clinical research in the Division of Cancer Prevention at the national cancer institute. "We think that this gives women a real choice for addressing two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality as they age—breast cancer and fractures."
"We now have two medicines that can be given to high-risk women to decrease their chances of developing breast cancer," explains Dr. B. Jay Brooks, Jr., chairman of hematology/oncology at the Ochsner Clinic Foundation in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. |
| For more information on the STAR trial, visit the national cancer institute at www. cancer.gov/star.
Preventive Mastectomy Brings Women Relief
Ann Geiger, PhD, associate professor of public health sciences, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Julia Smith, MD, PhD, director, Breast Cancer Screening and Prevention Program, New York University (NYU) Cancer Institute, and director, Lynne Cohen Breast Cancer Preventive Care Program, NYU Cancer Institute and Bellevue Hospital, New York City.
Journal of Clinical Oncology. |
| Journal of the national cancer institute.
Cancer Biology and Therapy.
The final results of a 13-year study confirm that tamoxifen, a drug long used to treat breast cancer, can also prevent the malignancy in healthy women who are at high risk for the disease.
"This study proves the principle that prevention is a legitimate kind of approach to treating breast cancer, and justifies the continuing research to find [preventive] drugs with less side effects and better risk reduction," says lead researcher Dr. |
Samuel S. Epstein, M.D.
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 Re: Role of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor in Cancer Development and Progression
Author's Letter to the Journal of the national cancer institute Journal of the national cancer institute 93(3):February 7, 2001
Re: Role of the Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Cancer Development and Progression
[In reply to an article on the major cancer risks associated with elevated blood levels of IGF-1 which recommended dietary interventions to reduce these levels, without any recognition of avoidable risks from rBGH milk. |
Devra Davis
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 National Cancer Institute became the founding mastermind of the Tobacco Industry Research Council (TIRC). The TIRC sent millions of dollars to universities, the ACS and the AMA to study tobacco science. The supply of dollars perpetuated the demand for research. Serious scientists lined up to propose studies that could be funded by the TIRC. So long as scientists could be found to say that research on the hazards of tobacco was still needed—a necessity, of course, in any request for funds—the industry could claim that the issue was not settled. |
| In 1948 he began work with the fledgling national cancer institute, heading its first environmental cancer section. At first this must have seemed kismet. Under Hueper's leadership, in 1950 the NCI issued a blunt pamphlet for the general public, depicting a number of avoidable causes of cancer.
The twenty-page pamphlet began by pointing out that while cancer has been a recognized medical problem since eight centuries before Christ, in the modern era patterns of the disease had shifted radically. |
| By the end of the 1970s, Herberman's lab at the national cancer institute showed that natural killers are on high alert for cells that are in the wrong place at the wrong time. They can immediately identify potentially metastatic cells that have broken out of their original location and entered the blood, and quickly eliminate most if not all of them. This provided a paradigm shift as well, showing that under the right circumstances, natural killer cells can keep cancer from spreading. |
| National Cancer Institute. From 1948 until his retirement in 1968, Hueper led its first section on environmental cancer, where he provided original experimental research and synthesized the world's literature on avoidable causes of the disease. He is the person Rachel Carson credited in her path-breaking 1963 book Silent
Spring for exposing the connections between the environment and cancer. What began as a dream for Hueper slowly became a nightmare.
Ro bert Kehoe took a different path. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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 Donald Larsen, a research biochemist and founding member of the national cancer institute, served as head of the cancer research grants program at the National Institutes of Health in 1955, he walked into medical laboratory settings every day that, world over, boasted little more than test tubes, microscopes, and Bunsen burners. As a young thirty-eight-year-old scientist in 1939, he had already become world renowned for being the first to demonstrate that cancer-causing chemicals could pass through the placenta and later cause tumors in offspring. |
Devra Davis
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| Throughout the 1980s, for instance, the National Cancer Institute's advisory board was chaired by Armand Hammer, the Chief Executive Officer of Occidental Petroleum. While he served as a senior adviser to the NCI, Hammer's firm produced more than 100 billion tons of toxic chemicals, including those that created the superfund toxic waste site at Love Canal and led to the contamination of lush Mississippi River delta towns in Calcacieu Parish. Similar conflicts continue today.
Other global firms have been leaders in the war on cancer. Industrial Chemicals Inc. is a vast corporation. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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| This information is available to all through the National Cancer Institute's Web portal, through its SEER Cancer Statistics Review.
By comparison, the 23.5 million patients who suffer from autoimmune diseases do not claim megabytes in cyberspace in any national database. Physicians are not required to report who has autoimmune disease to any national registry, because no national registry exists. The data we do have is based on small epidemiological studies from which experts have extrapolated as best they can. |
Paula Begoun and Bryan Barron
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 SPF 15 or greater is considered the basic standard by the FDA, the American Academy of Dermatology, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the national cancer institute. However, the SPF number only tells you how long you can stay in the sun without getting sunburned, which is caused by the sun's UVB rays. While that is helpful, it is only part of the protection you need. It is now known that most wrinkling, and possibly skin cancer, is a result of unprotected exposure to the sun's UVA rays. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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 For example, in 1994 the Journal of the national cancer institute published the results of an epidemiological study indicating that drinking green tea reduced the risk of esophageal cancer in Chinese men and women by nearly 60 percent. And in 2004, a team from Harvard Medical School reported that EGCG (the catechin in green tea mentioned earlier) inhibits the growth and reproduction of cancer cells associated with Barrett's esophagus. They said that green tea may help lower the prevalence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, one of the fastest-growing cancers in Western countries. |
| Parsnips are a member of the umbelliferous vegetable group, which the national cancer institute has identified as possessing cancer-protective properties. Parsnips contain phthalides, a group of phytochemicals that provide health benefits by stimulating beneficial enzymes and inhibiting inflammatory ones. Phthalides are most associated with celery, but parsnips have them too; in addition, parsnips have poly acetylenes, plant compounds that help protect against carcinogens.
Parsnips are high in folate, calcium, potassium, and especially fiber. |
| And the national cancer institute reported that foods containing flavonoids like the ones in apples may reduce the risk of lung cancer by as much as 50 percent.
Apples Take Second Place for Antioxidant Power
But wait, there's more! Apples contain a whole host of phytochemicals, including the aforementioned quercetin, plus catechin, phloridzin, and chlorogenic acid. So what does that mean for you? Strong— really strong—antioxidant power. |
| As far back as 1995, the Journal of the national cancer institute published the results of a study conducted by Harvard University researchers that looked at the eating habits of more than 47,000 men between the ages of forty and seventy-five. They found that the men eating ten servings or more a week of high-lycopene tomatoes, tomato sauce, tomato juice, and even pizza had 45 percent fewer prostate cancers than men who ate fewer than two servings a week. |
| Both the national cancer institute and Dr. Walt Willett of Harvard put the increased risk for breast cancer at about 20 to 25 percent for women drinking two drinks a day. This doesn't mean that 20 to 25 percent of women who have two drinks a day will get breast cancer—it means that drinking would increase the risk from about 12 out of 100 women getting breast cancer (the national average) to 14 to 15 per 100. This is a small increase, but no comfort if you're one of those extra two or three people. |
| Parsley Part of a Select Group of Cancer Fighters
There's also some suggestion that the volatile oils in parsley—especially one called myristicin—may inhibit tumors. The national cancer institute, which has invested millions and millions of dollars researching the anticancer potential of plant foods, found that umbelliferous vegetables (which include parsley) are among a select group of about a dozen foods with the highest anticancer activity. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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 Anon: Clinical Develpment Plan - National Cancer Institute: Genistein. J Cell Biochem Suppl 26:114-126. 1996.
Arjmandi BH, Khalil DA, Smith BJ, et al: Soy protein has a greater effect on bone in postmenopausal women not on hormone replacement therapy, as evidenced by reducing bone resorption and urinary calcium excretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88(3): 1048-1054. 2003.
Baird DD, Umbach DM, Lansdell L, et al: Dietary intervention study to assess estrogenicity of dietary Soy amoung postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80(5): 1685-1690. 1995.
Bakhit R, Potter SM. |
| Cancer Prevention
Prostate Cancer
Heavy use of multivitamins, including beta-carotene, may increase the risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancer, according to an article in the Journal of the national cancer institute. Investigators involved in the National Institutes of Health—AARP Diet and Health Study screened men (n=295,344) at entry for self-reported multivitamin use and followed them for 5 years; 47% of subjects reported taking beta-carotene supplements more than 7 times per week, compared with 20% who reported never taking beta-carotene. |
Shannon Brownlee
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 By 1991, he had persuaded the national cancer institute to fund a trial. Peters and other doctors needed to enroll approximately one thousand breast cancer patients, who would have to be followed for five years after they received their treatment. Physicians around the world were organizing smaller clinical trials, but Peters's was by far the most ambitious. Patients were eligible if their breast cancer had not yet metastasized but was nonetheless likely to recur. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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| Numbers on how many Americans have each type of cancer in each state have been collected by the national cancer institute since 1973; the National Center for Health Statistics and the Centers for Disease Control have collected data on cancer since the early 1900s. Yet it was only a decade ago that scientists first began to cast about for a general sense of how many Americans might be afflicted with autoimmune disease. |
Bill Sardi
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 Gerson advocated consumption of 13 glasses of fresh juices a day. The national cancer institute evaluated just 10 cases of Gerson's cancer patients and could not draw a conclusion as to the effectiveness of his treatment because the patients were also receiving conventional cancer treatments. [CA Cancer Journal Clinicians 40: 252-56, 1990]
Gerson Therapy has not been adequately reviewed by cancer authorities. A more recent review of melanoma patients found Gerson Therapy improved survival of small groups of patients compared to other selected studies. |
Devra Davis
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| National Cancer Institute had begun a program to train doctors to look out for signs of these health risks and to promote their reduction by 1949, why were these efforts stymied? What happened to derail programs to reduce the burden of cancer? Why have we spent so much effort treating cancer and so little understanding how to keep the disease from happening?
In the run up to World War II and its aftermath, science could not remain an abstract matter carried out solely because of the inherent curiosity of lone geniuses. |
Brenda Watson and Leonard Smith
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 In fact, in response to the public s request for information regarding the relationship between environmental factors and the development of cancer, the national cancer institute (NCI) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), two departments of the National Institutes of Health, created a booklet titled Cancer and the Environment. It contains information about environmental substances either known or suspected to cause cancer. As a result of their research they found that as many as two-thirds of all cancer cases are linked to environmental causes. |
David W. Grotto, RD, LDN
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 Though a large population study called CAROT showed that smokers who ingest beta-carotene supplements were more prone to lung cancer, a study from the national cancer institute found that lung cancer occurrence was higher in men whose diets did not supply a healthy intake of alpha-carotene.
DIABETES: Human research suggests that eating foods rich in carotenoids, like carrots, may aid in making insulin more effective, thus improving blood-glucose control. |
David Steinman
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 This meeting was cosponsored by the national cancer institute.) The formula suppressed the growth of prostate cancer cells and caused many more to commit apoptosis, or cellular suicide. Apoptosis, in this case, is a good thing, since it is immortality and uncontrolled multiplication that characterizes cancer cells.
According to Katz, "Zyflamend's [combined] effects were found to be significandy more potent than a compound in the spice turmeric called curcumin, which is believed by many researchers to be one of the most promising molecules for the prevention and treatment of cancer. |
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